Molybdenum(IV) oxide

Molybdenum(IV) oxide
IUPAC name

Molybdenum(IV) oxide
Other names

Molybdenum dioxide
Tugarinovite
Identifiers
CAS number 18868-43-4 Y
Properties
Molecular formula MoO2
Molar mass 127.94 g/mol
Appearance brownish-violet solid
Density 6.47 g/cm3
Melting point

1100 °C decomp.
Solubility in water insoluble
Solubility insoluble in alkalies, HCl, HF
slightly soluble in hot HSO4
Structure
Crystal structure Distorted rutile (tetragonal)
Coordination
geometry		 Octahedral (MoIV); trigonal (O–II)
Hazards
EU Index Not listed
Flash point Non-flammable
Related compounds
Other anions Molybdenum disulfide
Other cations Chromium(IV) oxide
Tungsten(IV) oxide
Related molybdenum oxides "Molybdenum blue"
Molybdenum trioxide
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Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox references

Molybdenum dioxide is the chemical compound with the formula MoO2. It is a violet-colored solid and is a metallic conductor. It crystallizes in a monoclinic cell, and has a distorted rutile, (TiO2) crystal structure. In TiO2 the oxide anions are close packed and titanium atoms occupy half of the octahedral interstices (holes). In MoO2 the octahedra are distorted, the Mo atoms are off-centre, leading to alternating short and long Mo – Mo distances and Mo-Mo bonding. The short Mo – Mo distance is 251 pm which is less than the Mo – Mo distance in the metal, 272.5 pm. The bond length is shorter than would be expected for a single bond. The bonding is complex and involves a delocalisation of some of the Mo electrons in a conductance band accounting for the metallic conductivity[1].
MoO2 can be prepared :

2 MoO3 + Mo → 3 MoO2

Single crystals are obtained by chemical transport using iodine. Iodine reversibly converts MoO2 into the volatile species MoO2I2[3].

Molybdenum oxide is a constituent of "technical molybdenum oxide" produced during the industrial processing of MoS2[4]:

2 MoS2 + 7O2 → 2MoO3 + 4SO2
MoS2 + 6MoO3 → 7MoO2 + 2SO2
2 MoO2 + O2 → 2MoO3

MoO2 has been reported as catalysing the dehydrogenation of alcohols[5] and the reformation of hydrocarbons[6]. Molybdenum nano-wires have been produced by reducing MoO2 deposited on graphite[7]

Mineralogical form of this compound is called tugarinovite, only very rarely found.

References

  1. ^ Oxides: Solid state chemistry McCarroll W.H. Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry Ed R. Bruce King, (1994), John Wiley & sons ISBN 0-471-93620-0
  2. ^ Cotton, F. Albert; Wilkinson, Geoffrey; Murillo, Carlos A.; Bochmann, Manfred (1999), Advanced Inorganic Chemistry (6th ed.), New York: Wiley-Interscience, ISBN 0-471-19957-5 
  3. ^ Conroy, L. E.; Ben-Dor, L. "Molybdenum(IV) Oxide and Tungsten(IV) Oxides Single-Crystals" Inorganic Syntheses 1995, volume 30, pp. 105–107. ISBN 0-471-30508-1
  4. ^ Metallurgical furnaces Jorg Grzella, Peter Sturm, Joachim Kruger, Markus A. Reuter, Carina Kogler, Thomas Probst, Ullmans Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
  5. ^ A. A. Balandin and I. D. Rozhdestvenskaya, Russian Chemical Bulletin, 8, 11, (1959), 1573 doi:10.1007/BF00914749
  6. ^ Molybdenum based catalysts. I. MoO2 as the active species in the reforming of hydrocarbons A. Katrib, P. Leflaive, L. Hilaire and G. Maire Catalysis Letters, 38, 1–2, (1996) doi:10.1007/BF00806906
  7. ^ Synthesis of Molybdenum Nanowires with Millimeter-Scale Lengths Using Electrochemical Step Edge Decoration M. P. Zach, K. Inazu, K. H. Ng, J. C. Hemminger, and R. M. Penner Chem. Mater. (2002),14, 3206 doi:10.1021/cm020249a